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Climate warming can slow how tree roots feed soil microbes
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Climate warming can slow how tree roots feed soil microbes

A plant's roots do much of their work out of sight, pulling in water and nutrients and holding the plant in place. That makes it hard to see how plants respond when conditions underground change, and how a warming climate affects them. New Dartmouth-led studies look at the strategies plants use below the surface to adapt and survive.

📅 2026-10-16 19:40:01    •    Phys.org
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Light and ultrasound reveal renewable routes to compounds for pharmaceutical research
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Light and ultrasound reveal renewable routes to compounds for pharmaceutical research

Sustainable packaging is only the beginning. What a medicine is made from—and how its ingredients are produced—matters just as much. Yet the synthesis of compounds for pharmaceutical research can still depend on fossil feedstocks, high temperatures, strong oxidants and metals that raise costs and complicate purification. Two recently published studies from Colmenares' group at IPC PAS demonstrate that cleaner chemistry can begin at the level of a single chemical bond. The studies are published in the journal Ultrasonics Sonochemistry and Chemistry—A European Journal.

📅 2026-10-16 19:20:01    •    Phys.org
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World-record intensity in attosecond hard-X-ray pulses could unlock closer study of electrons in atoms and molecules
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World-record intensity in attosecond hard-X-ray pulses could unlock closer study of electrons in atoms and molecules

Researchers used the European XFEL to create X-ray flashes that were not only extremely short but also reached record intensity for this type of pulse. The researchers focused the X-rays to an area roughly 100,000 times smaller than the cross section of a typical human hair. This concentrated the X-ray light into a tiny but extremely powerful spot. The method could enable detailed studies of how electrons behave in atoms and molecules and, in the long term, could even allow researchers to control electrons during chemical reactions. The team has now published the results of the experiment, carried out in April 2026, in the journal Optica.

📅 2026-10-16 19:10:01    •    Phys.org
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Automated essay assessment can grade writing more accurately across topics, study finds
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Automated essay assessment can grade writing more accurately across topics, study finds

An artificial intelligence (AI) model can score English essays with improved accuracy across different writing topics, according to work published in the International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning. The tool could help schools assess student work more efficiently while reducing inconsistencies in grading.

📅 2026-10-16 19:00:22    •    Phys.org
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Spiny dogfish blood contains a hormone long thought absent in sharks
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Spiny dogfish blood contains a hormone long thought absent in sharks

Cortisol is a hormone that helps humans and many other animals regulate their energy use and respond to changing conditions. For a long time, sharks and rays were believed to rely on a different steroid hormone for these functions, without producing cortisol themselves. Now, a new study of North Pacific spiny dogfish, a species of small shark, challenges this view.

📅 2026-10-16 19:00:01    •    Phys.org
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Maxwell's demon learns to turn concealed information into usable energy for microscopic systems
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Maxwell's demon learns to turn concealed information into usable energy for microscopic systems

Since its introduction more than 150 years ago, the thought-provoking idea of Maxwell's demon has profoundly shaped our understanding of the relationship between information and energy. Maxwell's demon is an imagined microscopic gatekeeper that exploits information at the microscopic scale to produce macroscopic work.

📅 2026-10-16 18:50:01    •    Phys.org
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Finding their sense of direction: Cell movement helps tissues establish polarity
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Finding their sense of direction: Cell movement helps tissues establish polarity

From the hairs on our arms to the microscopic sensory structures of the inner ear, many tissues in the body are built with a clear sense of direction. To build these structures throughout development, individual cells must establish which way they are facing—and coordinate that orientation with cells around them. If they get this wrong, tissues may fail to form, form improperly or fail to function.

📅 2026-10-16 18:40:08    •    Phys.org
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Glowing liquids could help protect products from counterfeiters using distinctive ultraviolet light signatures
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Glowing liquids could help protect products from counterfeiters using distinctive ultraviolet light signatures

Researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed room-temperature liquids containing chemical elements that produce distinctive patterns of light. They say the materials could provide a flexible new approach to optical tagging and anti-counterfeiting, while being compatible with existing processing and printing technologies.

📅 2026-10-16 18:20:14    •    Phys.org
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What makes a place ready for radical innovation? Researchers say resident openness matters
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What makes a place ready for radical innovation? Researchers say resident openness matters

Why do some cities embrace new technologies and business models while others are slower to take them up? Economic conditions, infrastructure and access to technology clearly matter. But a new study from the University of Amsterdam and the University of St Gallen suggests there is another factor that has received much less attention: the psychological openness of the local population. Regions where people are more open to new experiences and unfamiliar ideas are more likely to be early adopters of radical innovations, the study says.

📅 2026-10-16 18:20:11    •    Phys.org
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Supercooled clouds over the highest mountains respond differently to climate change
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Supercooled clouds over the highest mountains respond differently to climate change

Most studies of how clouds are responding to climate change focus on clouds over the oceans, rather than over mountains. Those that do focus on mountain clouds tend to explore cloud microphysics rather than long-term trends in cloud phase. But understanding cloud behavior over regions such as the Tibetan Plateau, which supplies water to hundreds of millions of people, is critical—especially as diminishing snowpack and altered precipitation patterns threaten this critical water source.

📅 2026-10-16 18:10:01    •    Phys.org
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A distant supercluster of galaxies points to self-interacting dark matter
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A distant supercluster of galaxies points to self-interacting dark matter

Seven billion light-years from Earth, there is an unexpected cluster of galaxies. It has two regions in the process of colliding with each other with a combined mass of more than two quadrillion solar masses. Given its mass, the distant cluster has been nicknamed El Gordo, the Fat One. What makes it unusual is that it's extraordinarily large for that period of the universe. How did such a large supercluster form so early?

📅 2026-10-16 18:00:08    •    Phys.org
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NASA's Hubble spies spiral's edge
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NASA's Hubble spies spiral's edge

This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features the edge-on, intermediate spiral galaxy NGC 1827, located roughly 37 million light-years away in the constellation Columba, the Dove. Hubble captured the image as part of a survey looking at 260 satellite galaxies around 22 Milky Way–like host galaxies within a radius of about 32 million light-years from Earth. Hubble has already observed 111 of these satellite galaxies. The remaining galaxies will take an additional 149 Hubble orbits, one orbit for each galaxy, to observe.

📅 2026-10-16 17:40:08    •    Phys.org
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Forecasting 'tipping points' with AI climate simulation
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Forecasting 'tipping points' with AI climate simulation

The writer Malcolm Gladwell popularized the term "tipping points" to refer to the moment when a trend or social behavior crosses a threshold and rapidly spreads everywhere. In physics, tipping points occur when systems—say, Earth's climate—reach an unstable point and topple over into a sea of change that is sometimes irreversible. Examples include global warming or the melting of polar ice caps.

📅 2026-10-16 17:40:01    •    Phys.org
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Machine learning analysis of gene regulation reveals new dimension of biological variability
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Machine learning analysis of gene regulation reveals new dimension of biological variability

Changes in our genes affect health risks from heart disease to cancer, but how those genes are turned on and off is just as crucial to health. What's more, almost all genes occur as two copies—one from each parent—that aren't necessarily turned on and off in sync. When that differential gene regulation goes awry, it can cause serious health problems.

📅 2026-10-16 17:20:06    •    Phys.org
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